National Dental Assisting Examining Board (NDAEB) Practice Exam

What anatomical feature provides structural support to the teeth?

1. Alveolar bone

2. Periodontal ligament

3. Pulp chamber

4. Cementum

The correct answer is: Periodontal ligament

The periodontal ligament is crucial for providing structural support to the teeth as it connects the tooth roots to the surrounding alveolar bone. This ligament consists of a group of specialized connective tissue fibers that help to absorb loads and forces applied to the teeth during chewing and speaking. By anchoring the tooth within its socket and allowing for slight movement, the periodontal ligament plays a key role in maintaining the stability and health of the tooth, while also assisting in sensing pressure and pain. The alveolar bone serves as the supportive structure that houses the roots of the teeth but is not directly responsible for the attachment. The pulp chamber contains the nerve and blood supply of the tooth, providing nourishment and sensory function rather than structural support. Cementum covers the root surface of the tooth and aids in anchoring the periodontal ligament fibers but does not primarily provide structural support on its own. Thus, the periodontal ligament is pivotal for ensuring that teeth are securely held in place while being able to withstand the dynamic forces of oral function.