What can be used to improve adhesion of material to tooth structure?

The use of a conditioner or etchant is crucial for enhancing the adhesion of dental materials to tooth structure. This process typically involves applying an acidic solution, such as phosphoric acid, to the enamel or dentin surface. The etching process creates microscopic irregularities and increases the surface area, which allows for better mechanical interlocking between the tooth structure and the bonding material. This improved bonding enhances the durability and longevity of restorations and reduces the likelihood of microleakage.

In contrast, other options such as enamel bonding agents, antimicrobial rinses, and dental varnishes serve different purposes. While enamel bonding agents are designed to promote adhesion after the etching process has been completed, they do not exclusively prepare the tooth surface for adhesion. Antimicrobial rinses are used to reduce bacteria in the mouth and pre-treatment of the tooth but do not directly improve the adhesion of restorative materials. Dental varnishes are applied for various protective reasons but do not enhance adhesion and may even interfere with bonding if used immediately before bonding procedures. Thus, the use of a conditioner or etchant is the most effective method for improving adhesion to tooth structure.