National Dental Assisting Examining Board (NDAEB) Practice Exam

What is the function of Cementoclasts in the dental structure?

1. To form enamel

2. To destroy cementum

3. To repair dentin

4. To regenerate pulp tissue

The correct answer is: To destroy cementum

Cementoclasts play a critical role in the maintenance and remodeling of dental structures, specifically targeting the cementum, which is the mineralized substance that covers the roots of teeth. Their primary function is to break down and destroy cementum, allowing for the active remodeling of this tissue in response to various stresses and changes in the dental environment. This activity is essential for maintaining the health and integrity of the periodontium, the supporting structures of the teeth, and aids in the adaptation of the tooth to changing mechanical loads. Understanding the role of cementoclasts is significant because it reflects the dynamic nature of dental tissues. While the formation of enamel, repair of dentin, and regeneration of pulp tissue are crucial processes in dental biology, these functions are associated with different cell types—ameloblasts for enamel, odontoblasts for dentin, and various stem or progenitor cells for pulp regeneration. Thus, recognizing the specific function of cementoclasts helps in comprehending the overall processes involved in periodontal health and disease management.