National Dental Assisting Examining Board (NDAEB) Practice Exam

What is the term that describes the dissolution of calcium and phosphate from the tooth structure?

1. Re-mineralization

2. Decalcification

3. De-mineralization

4. Demineralization

The correct answer is: Demineralization

The term that describes the dissolution of calcium and phosphate from tooth structure is "demineralization." This process occurs when the minerals in the enamel (and dentin) are lost due to acidic environments, which can stem from bacterial activity as well as dietary sources. During demineralization, the tooth structure becomes more porous and weaker, making it susceptible to cavities and structural damage. Demineralization is a critical concept in dentistry because it represents a key step in the caries process. When acids produced by bacteria metabolizing sugars dissolve these minerals, the integrity of the tooth can be compromised. Understanding demineralization allows dental professionals to implement preventive measures, such as fluoride treatments and dietary counseling, to protect tooth health and promote remineralization, which is the process by which minerals are redeposited in the teeth after they have been removed. In this context, it’s important to differentiate demineralization from re-mineralization and decalcification. Re-mineralization is the process that counteracts demineralization, in which minerals are redeposited into the tooth structure, while decalcification specifically refers to the loss of calcium. Thus, choosing the term "demineralization" accurately captures the phenomenon of mineral