National Dental Assisting Examining Board (NDAEB) Practice Exam

When referring to dental caries, what does the term "specific bacteria" primarily involve?

1. Pathogenic bacteria that cause gum disease

2. Bacteria that ferment carbohydrates

3. Bacteria responsible for bad breath

4. Bacteria that strengthen enamel

The correct answer is: Bacteria that ferment carbohydrates

The term "specific bacteria" in relation to dental caries primarily involves bacteria that ferment carbohydrates. This is significant because dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay, arises when certain bacteria metabolize sugars and other fermentable carbohydrates present in the diet. This process produces acid as a byproduct, which can demineralize and ultimately damage tooth enamel, leading to carious lesions. The bacteria most frequently associated with this process include Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species, both of which are adept at thriving in the oral cavity and are particularly effective at fermenting sugars. A fundamental understanding of the role these bacteria play in the development of caries is essential for implementing effective preventive measures, such as promoting good oral hygiene practices and dietary choices that minimize sugar intake.