Which chronic condition involves demyelination of the CNS?

Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic condition characterized by the demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). In this disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, which is the protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. This damage disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body, leading to a variety of neurological symptoms, including motor control issues, sensory disturbances, and cognitive changes.

The demyelination results in scar tissue formation, which is where the name "sclerosis" comes from. The condition can present in different forms, and its symptoms can vary widely from person to person. The chronic nature of Multiple Sclerosis means that it can progress over time, and while the exact cause is not fully understood, it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.