National Dental Assisting Examining Board (NDAEB) Practice Exam

Which medical emergency necessitates the use of epinephrine?

1. Asthma Attack

2. Anaphylaxis

3. Panic Attack

4. Hypoglycemia

The correct answer is: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly after exposure to an allergen, such as certain foods, insect stings, or medications. During anaphylaxis, the body's immune system responds aggressively, leading to symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat, a rapid drop in blood pressure, and hives. This condition requires immediate intervention to prevent serious complications, including respiratory distress and cardiovascular collapse. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. It works by constricting blood vessels to increase blood pressure, relaxing the muscles in the airways to improve breathing, and reducing swelling and hives. Administering epinephrine can quickly counteract the symptoms of anaphylaxis, making it a critical lifesaving measure in this medical emergency. Other conditions, while serious, don't necessitate the use of epinephrine in the same manner. For instance, an asthma attack may sometimes require bronchodilators, but not all asthma attacks require epinephrine. Panic attacks typically involve symptoms of anxiety and do not usually require medications like epinephrine for treatment. Hypoglycemia, which involves low blood sugar, is treated with glucose or sugary substances, rather